希拉里演讲音频:名词性从句(T)

名词性从句(T)

I.知识点归纳

名词性从句 作为一个重要的语法项目在历届高考题中必不可少。按其检测重点可分为：

   1)语序的问题     2)关联词的选择     3)it代替主语从句或宾语从句

一. 名词性从句的定义名词性从句指在句子中起名词作用的从句。

二. 名词从句的功能

相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句用陈述句的语序，中间一般不用逗号与主句分开。

三.引导名词性从句的连词   引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词： whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分），that,（不充当从句的任何成分，无词义）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which

连接副词：when, where, how, why

比较：whether 与 if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：

1)whether 引导主语从句在句首    Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me .

2)引导表语从句  His first question was whether she had arrived yet.  

3)引导同位语从句   Answer my question whether you are coming.

4)whether 从句作介词宾语   I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .

5)与or not连在一起   I don’t know whether or not he is going to Japan.

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it 充当形式主语。例如：

  It is not important who will go. 谁去，这不重要。

  It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。

6)在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。例如：

He doesn't know whether to stay or not.

7) 在及物运动discuss后的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。

We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.

注意：以上是if和whether表示“是否”之意的区别。此外，if还有“假如”之意，引起条件状语从句；而whether另有“不管”“无论”之意，引起让步状语从句。

  If I were you, I would help her.

  Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it.

四.名词性that-从句

1.由从属连词that 引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：

That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。（主语）

John said that he was leaving for London in Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去（宾语）

The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。（表语）

The fact is that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. （同位语）

近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。

I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。（形容词宾语）

2.that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

It’s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it 作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

① It + be+形容词+that-从句

It is necessary/ important/ obvious that……   （有必要……/重要的是…/很明显…）

It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.

It is important that we( should) know the truth.

It is obvious that he has been at home (because she phoned us with his home tel.)

②It + be +-ed 分词+that-从句

It is believed that…（人们相信…）           It is known to all that…（从所周知…）

It has been decided that…  （已决定……）

It is believed that their troops have already crossed the border.

It is well known that professional sports are popular in the United States

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.

④It +be+名词+that-从句

It is common knowledge that……（…是常识）  It is a surprise that…（令人惊奇的是…）

It is a fact that……   （事实是……）

It is a little known fact that the Y1K bug(病菌) caused the dark ages.

It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question. 你对这个问题作了这样的回答，令人吃惊。

It is a big surprise that there are 2 teams from my graduate school.

It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather. 皓月兆天晴,这是常识。

④It +不及物动词+that-分句

It appears / seems that……     （似乎……）   It happens that……       （碰巧……）

It occurred to me that……       （我突然想起……）

It appeared that he had a taste for music. 看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。

It occurred to me that he was jealous(嫉妒).

It happens that I saw him yesterday.

五.what与that的区分

that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分;　

　  what 在引导名词性从句时，充当成分, 如:主语,宾语,表语

    what  = something that; all that /everything that; the +  n. + that

  例如：What(all that) I want to know is the truth.

        Something that(what) he said astonished everybody.

The place that(What) is now a school was once a field.

六．名词从句中须使用陈述语序！

1．When he will be back is unknown.

  2. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?

七 wh-ever    

whoever = anyone  who + 定语从句

   whomever=anyone whom +定语从句 

What/whatever , when / whenever , where / wherever 的含义基相

同，只是后者比前者语气更重。在意义上也有细微差别：whatever 含义为 anything that; whenever 含义为 any time when

　　      wherever 含义为 any place where

   Whoever (anyone who) leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights

   Mary hopes to become a friend of whoever(anyone who) shares her interests .　　

八．同位语从句

1．  同位语从句一般跟在某些名词（如idea、news、fact、promise、hope、belief、problem、possibility、thought、doubt、answer、message…）后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容，用连词that或how、when、where副词等引导。

e.g. The possibility that people would have to share rooms was not mentioned.

   He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

   You have no idea how worried I was.

2．  如果主句的谓语很短，为了保持句子平衡，可将谓语放在前面，而将同位语从句放在后面。 Word came that …

3．  在on condition that（在……条件下）、in spite of（尽管）、the fact that（事实是……）后面的从句也是同位语从句。

that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

    that 引导定语从句时, 是关系代词,做主语或宾语

    that 引导同位从句时,是连词,不做成分,只起连接作用,that不能省.

【对比】

e.g. The news that he got the first prize in the contest is exciting.

   The news that you told me yesterday is exciting.

   We expressed the hope that they had expressed.

   We expressed that hope that we would come to visit Huangshan again.

II．练习

1.         ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What  B. Why    C. Where    D. Which 

2.         Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.

A. when               B. whose            C. which            D. where            

3.         It even leaves the scientists in wonder      we should call the new-born being, which looks half-human, half-animal. (07临沂质量检查)

A．that                     B．why                    C．how                    D．what

4.         It was not until dark      he found      he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. (07临沂质量检查)

A．when; that           B．that; that              C．when; what         D．that; what

5.         —I’d like a vacation, too. Where can we go?

—     —You name it: France, Switzerland, Italy, India, China, Japan,         you like. (07德州市质量检测)

A．however              B．whether               C．wherever             D．whatever

6.         Taking pictures of snow is _____ Ken has spent much of the past years doing. (07济南3月统考)

A．that                B．which              C．what                D．how

7.         _____ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. (07成都名师联盟模拟)

A. Which                      B. How                        C. That                        D. What

8.         The possibility ______ disease might occur in the flooded area should be carefully considered. (07年泉州毕业班质量检查)

A. which               B. that                          C. whose               D. when

9.         —I serve Jim three meals every day and do almost everything for him, but he still fails me.

—I’m sorry to say that’s ______ you are mistaken. (07年厦门高三质检模拟)

A．how                    B．why                    C．what                   D．where

10.     After _______ seemed a long time, Jane came back to life. (07年丽水高考复习研讨)

A. what          B. that                   C. which        D. this

11.     Hopes are high _______China and Russia will agree during Russian President Putin's upcoming visit to Beijing to build an oil pipeline. (07衢州复习研讨)
A. when        B. that           C. where          D. what

12.     _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email amount. (07衢州复习研讨)
  A．What is required   B．It's required   C．What requires   D．It requires

13.     —Do you know _______?
—Someone wants to find his dog back.     (07衢州复习研讨)           

A. what the notice says              B. what the notice writes

C. what is the notice written          D. what does the notice say 

14.     We all know the truth ____there is air, water and sunlight, there are living things．(东北师大附中07第四次质量检测)

A．whatever           B．that                   C．where that      D．that wherever

15.     The writers, publishers and printers,         they are, we never know, are making silent money. （成都07高考摸底测试）

A．who                    B．whom                 C．whatever             D．whenever

16.     ____ is it that has made Tom     he is today. (四川07第二次调研考试)

A. That; that    B. That; what    C. What; that       D. What; what

17.     Xiao Ming practises his spoken English once there is a chance and that is_________ it takes to live his dream to be a good guide. (四川07第二次调研考试)

A. what             B. that          C. how            D. why

18.     _____ was known to them that Bob had broken his promise ____ he would give them a rise. (07届栟中)

A. What; that                B. It; which                  C. As; that             D. It; that

19.     The fact puzzles us much ___________ Albert hasn’t lost his interest in such a boring thing up to now．（07东北三校二模）

A．why                    B．because               C．how                    D．that

20.     Determination is a fine quality, which is ________ it takes to do anything well. （07贵阳）

A. what                        B. that                   C. which               D. why

21.     _____ he was fully refused is against all expectations for he’s a top one among us. （07宜昌二模）

A. What                B. As                     C. Whether                   D. That

22.     It is widely believed that ________ respects others will be respected. (07昆明)

A. anyone                     B. the person     C. whoever            D. who

23.     Evidence has been piled up       drinking water after getting up in the morning contributes to one’s health. （07枣庄三模）

A．what                  B．which                 C．if                       D．that

24.     Do you have any idea ____ is actually going on in the classroom? （06淮安调研）

A. that            B. what            C. as D. which

25.     The soldiers soon reached ______ was once an old temple_____the villagers used as a school. (06盐城)

A. what;where       B. what;which       C. where;which        D. which;where

26.     ____ is it ____ has made Peter ____ he is today? (珠海市2006年高三统一测试)

A. What; that; that          B. That; that; what

C. What; what; that         D. What; that; what

27.     This is ______ you should bear in mind: Don’t count on a salary increase before you actually get it. (湖北省十一校大联考)

A. which                    B. what                         C. where                      D. that

28.     That day, my wife drove downtown to do Christmas shopping at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2006届广东省高三第二次模拟考试)

A. which                      B. that                     C. as                      D. what

29.     __________ some teenagers don't realize is _________ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. （06年南京一模）

A. What; how     B. That; how       C. That; what a    D. What; what a

30.     Many experts hold the view _____ teacher development is ____ the key to better education lies. （06南通一次调研）

A. which; where    B. which; in which        C. that; where        D. that; in which

31.     Have you got any explanation to the question _________he came here for the day before yesterday? （06陕西质量检测一）

A. why               B. what                C. how                D. which

32.     So far there is no proof ______ people from other planets do exist. （06苏、锡、常、镇调查一）

A. how                     B. what                  C. which             D. that

33.     The most exciting thing for him was ______ he finally found two tinned fruits in ______ seemed to him to be a servant’s bedroom . (湖南省2006届高三 百校大联考)

A. that; what   B. what; what     C. that; that    D. what; that

34.     _______ the teacher couldn't understand was       fewer and fewer students showed interest in his class. 江苏省2006年高考全真)

A. What; that           B. All that; because    C. Why; that           D. What; why

35.     Australia is not at all         a traveler who has never seen a farm can expect. (常州2006学年第一学期期末质量调研)

A．which                 B．what                   C．where                 D．that

36.     _________ much I dislike the idea of begging in the street, we should still show consideration for those who are in difficult situations. (北京市宣武区2006年第一次质量检测)

A. However                                       B. How

C. Whatever                                      D. No matter

37.     Once you enter the university ,you will be free to study         you. (北京市西城区2006年抽样测试)

A．whatever that interests                         B．whatever which interests

C．whatever interesting                             D．whatever interests

38.     The Dead Sea is so salty ____ it’s hard for anything to live in it, ____ is why it’s called the Dead Sea. (北 京2006年高考英语模拟试题)
　　A. that, which　　　　 B. that, that　　　　 C./, that　　　　　　　 D./, what

39.     We are going to discuss the way of reading works           it is used for real life purposes, and this should give you a better understanding of it. (潮州市2006学年高三级教学质量测练卷)

A. that              B. which            C. when              D. where

40.     Word comes that free souvenirs (纪念品) will be given to _______ comes first．（无锡市2005-2006十二月调研）

A．no matter whom                           B．whomever

C．no matter who                       D．whoever

41.     --Dad, I'm confused what I am going to do after graduation.

--You'd better first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to find out __________ your real interests lie. （苏州市2006年1月高三质量调研）

A. what         B. where            C. in which         D. how

42.     Kate, remain ______ you are and I’ll pick you up in 10 minutes. (2005年南京市金陵中学高三第三次质量检测)

A.in which      B.where      C.the place      D.at what

43.     To our disappointment, ______ the students should learn in a course was not provided in this class. (2005年南京市金陵中学高三第三次质量检测)

A. so much      B. many things      C. all what      D. much of what

44.     ——You mean I can read any book in your study?

——Yes, ＿interests you. (安徽省汤沟中学2005年高三年级第二次调研考试)

A. whichever               B. whatever          C. whoever           D. wherever

45.     After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in       later proved a new continent. (陕西省国防工业系统高三第二次统一测试英语试题)

A．where                 B．what                   C．which                 D．that

46.     The Frenchman asked me         to call that in Chinese. (2005山东)

A．whether              B．how                    C．which                 D．what

47.     It made many countries angry          the US, without the permission from the UN, started

a war on Iraq. (2005吉林)

A．when                  B．because               C．if                        D．that

48.     ______ makes the school famous is _______ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. （2005北京朝阳统考）

A. What; because          B. That; because  C. That; what                D. What; that

49.     It is _____ he often breaks the school rules ______ makes his teacher angry．（2005崇文区统一练习2）

A．what; that        B．that; what        C．that; that          D．which; that

50.     After five hours’ drive, they reached _____they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of. （2005宜昌第二次调研）

A. that                   B. where               C. which               D. what

51.     They are teachers and don’t realize        to start and run a company. （2005哈尔滨第三中学月考）

A．what it takes        B．what takes it        C．what they take     D．what takes them

52.     There are four good programs on TV at eight o’clock．We can watch ___ you prefer。（2005崇文区统一练习2）

A．whatever         B．whichever        C．which              D．what

53.     I'm stuck on this problem; you may ask ____ knows better than I. （2005成都二诊）

A. whoever        B. whomever         C. anyone          D. the one

54.     In short, _____ he lives, a man belongs to some society. （2005北京四中模拟六）
　　A. anywhere　　 B. somewhere 　　C. where　　 D. wherever

55.     ——You mean I can read any book in your study? （2005深圳调研）

——Yes, ＿interests you.

A. whichever               B. whatever          C. whoever           D. wherever

56. No one realized _____ it was until much later. (06上海模拟四)
A. how serious a crime   B. what serious crime
C. how serious crime     D. how a serious crime

57. ----What can I do with such a situation?

---Take _____ measure you consider best. （05广东联考）

A. whichever        B. whatever             C. however              D. whoever

58.Our aim is to select the best person for the job, _________ they are from. （06朝阳第一次统考）

A. wherever                  B. however                   C. whatever                  D. whenever

59. _________ seems strange to us is _______ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers. (06临汾一模)

A. It, that       B. It, how      C. What, that               D. What, how

60. ______ climber gets to the top first will get a ~5,000 prize. （06广州市综合测试一）

A. No matter when                        B. Whichever

C. No matter which                        D. Whenever

61.      has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we don't know

A. Those who        B. Anyone     C. Whoever   D. No matter who

1-5ADDDC   6-10CDBDA     11-15BBADC    16-20DADDA   21-25DCDBB

26-30DDDAC   31-35BDADB   36-40ADACD   41-45BBDAB   46-50DDDCD

51-55ABADA   56-60BBACB   61C