毛毯 奥伯尼:低温更容易引发心脏病

When temperatures dip during cold snaps, your body notices. 

And it's not just your fingers and toes. Recent research shows that the risk of heart attack rises whenever the temperatures drop. 

最新研究显示，温度降低不仅会导致手脚冰冷，更容易引发心脏病。   

In a study of hospital admissions in England and Wales, British researchers found that for every one-degree Celsius the temperature dropped in a day, an extra 200 heart attacks were reported at hospitals. 

  英国研究人员在英国和威尔士对住院病人做的一项调查表明，每降低一摄氏度就有 200多名心脏病患者入院。

Using that data, researchers calculated that the risk for heart attack increased by two percent for every degree the temperature fell. The results were adjusted to take into account other factors that might influence the heart attack rate, including air pollution and flu activity. 

根据数据，研究人员算出每降低一度就会增加2%的患病率。这个结果中包含了其他会引发心脏病的因素，包括空气污染和流感   

If cold weather brings on more heart attacks, what is cold enough to induce more heart attacks? In the British study, a majority of the heart attacks occurred when the temperature reached 53 degrees Fahrenheit (12 degrees Celsius) or colder. 

要是低温能引发心脏病，那在多少度的时候病发率会增加呢？英国一项研究显示，大部分病人都是在温度低至53华氏度（12摄氏度）或以下时发病的。

The study doesn't explain why this happens, but doctors know that when the temperatures are colder, your blood is more likely to clot and there's a change in the thickness of blood. Also, blood vessels narrow in cold temperatures — and that could raise blood pressure because more pressure is needed to move blood through those narrowed vessels.

  研究并未说明原因，但医生表示，温度越低血液越容易凝结，血液浓度也会随之增大。同时，低温会导致血管收缩，并且，由于血液要在收缩的血管中流动需要更大压强，血压就会因此上升。   

In the Mount Sinai School of Medicine's Focus on Healthy Aging newsletter, cardiologist Bruce Darrow notes that cold weather brings on other changes in the body — for instance, your body reduces blood flow to your extremities (fingers and toes) in cold weather. In addition, cold temperatures may affect the body's production of hormones that regulate blood pressure. 

  心脏病学家布鲁斯·达罗在蒙赛奈医学院的《医学关注健康老化》期刊中谈到，低温会使人体内部发生些变化——例如，在低温环境下身体会减少流到四肢的血液（手指和脚趾）。除此之外，低温还会影响调节血压的荷尔蒙的产量。   

In the British study, people ages 75 and older appeared to be at higher risk for heart attacks during cold weather, as were those who already had been diagnosed with heart disease or other heart risk factors, including high blood pressure. 

  一项英国调查显示，75岁或75岁以上的老人在冷天更容易患心脏病，因为他们大多数都心脏不好或者已经患有高血压。

People who were taking aspirin daily appeared to have a lower risk for heart attack in cold weather than those who didn't take aspirin.

  相比之下，每天都服用阿司匹林的老人在冷天比那些不服药的老人患病几率更低。   

Because doctors aren't entirely sure what causes the increase in heart attacks, it's difficult to give concrete advice to patients. But they do make these suggestions: 

  由于医生也不确定究竟是什么增加心脏病突发率，所以也就很难确切地给病人建议。不过他们也给出以下忠告：   

Limit your exposure to cold weather and the time you spend doing strenuous activities, including shoveling show, yard work or exercise.

  ·尽量不要暴露在低温环境中，少做剧烈运动包括园林工作和挖掘工作   

Wear layered clothes that will keep you warm; be sure to wear a hat and gloves or mittens because heat can escape the body through the extremities. 

  ·注意保暖；一定要戴帽子和手套，不然热量很容易从袖口和领口跑掉   

Keep your home warm in the winter and consider adding insulation or taking other steps to maintain a comfortable temperature inside.                                                                                                                                 

  ·冬天保持房间温暖，可以在屋内使用一些隔热材料防止热量散失，也可以用其他方法保持舒适的温度