贾瑞和贾琏什么关系:个人信仰导致性别歧视

作者：Rick Nauert    博士、高级新闻编辑

Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on October 31, 2011 

评语：心理学博士John M. Grohol        2011年10月31日

A new international study of 57 countries discovers that biased individual beliefs or sexism leads to gender inequality.

While the finding is not surprising, experts say that it is the largest study to demonstrate that individual beliefs extend to society as a whole.

       专家说，尽管这一发现并不令人惊讶，但这是证明个人信仰延伸至整个社会的一次最大规模的研究。

“I’m interested in the consequences people’s beliefs about how the world should work and how the world does work,” said Mark Brandt of DePaul University, the author of the new study.

       该研究的作者、德保罗大学的马克·勃兰特（Mark Brandt ）说：“我对人们的信仰—关于世界应该怎样运行以及世界是怎样运行的—导致的结果很感兴趣”

As a part of this investigation, Brandt used data from an international survey conducted between 2005 and 2007.

      作为本次调查的一部分，勃兰特使用了2005年至2007年进行的一项国际调查的数据。

The survey included two statements to measure sexism: “On the whole, men make better political leaders than women do” and “On the whole, men make better business executives than women do.”

       该调查包括两种衡量性别歧视的说法：“总体而言，男性在政治领导方面比女性做得好”以及“总体而言，男性在业务管理方面比女性做得好。”

Brandt found that sexism was directly associated with increases in gender inequality over time.

       勃兰特发现：随着时间的推移，性别歧视与两性不平等的增加是直接相关的。

“You could get the impression that having sexist beliefs, or prejudiced beliefs more generally, is just an individual thing—‘my beliefs don’t impact you,’” Brandt says.

        勃兰特说：“你会有这种感觉—带有性别歧视或偏见的信仰很普遍，这只是个人的事情而已—‘我的信仰不会影响你’。”

But this study shows that isn’t true. If individual people in a society are sexist, men and women in that society become less equal.

       但该研究表明真相并非如此，如果一个社会里有个别人是性别歧视者，那么该社会的男女就会变得不平等。

“Gender inequality is such a tough beast to crack because there are so many contributing factors,” Brandt says. Policies can contribute to inequality—and some countries have insured some measure of equality by mandating that some number of seats in the legislature be reserved for women.

       勃兰特说：“两性不平等是一个很难解决的问题，因为有太多促成因素，”政策导致不平等—有些国家通过在立法委员会为女性保留一定数量的席位来立法，已经保证了一些平等措施。

“But this study suggests that if the goal is increased equality, individual attitudes have to change.”

       “但该研究还表明：如果我们的目标是提高两性平等，那么个人态度就得转变。”