露安适爽身粉怎么样:状语从句

【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

    状语从句

二. 重难点讲解

状语从句

在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意义的不同可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较方式状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和让步状语从句。如果状语从句放在主句前，通常在从句后用逗号隔开。

（一）时间状语从句

其连接词有：when，while，before，after，since，till（until），as soon as 等。由这些连词引导的主从复合句中的主句和从句谓语动词发生的时间有三种情况，即同时发生和先后发生。因此在运用时间状语从句时，特别要注意主句和从句之间的时态呼应。

1. when引导的从句

有时主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，有时主句的动作在前，从句的动作在后。如果主句用一般将来时，则从句就要用一般现在时。

Tom will go to see her when he has time.

It was raining when I left the hospital.

The film had already began when I got to the cinema.

2. 由while 引导的从句

表示正在进行某一动作时另一动作发生了；还可以表示某个动作还在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中。例如：

While he was reading, the telephone rang.

While we were boating on the lake, we saw a fish jump out of the water.

While my sister was watching TV, I was writing.

While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.

3. 由before 引导的从句

在由before 引导的从句中，一般来说主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，主从句的动词都用过去时。例如：

Wei Fang had cut the meat into pieces before her mother started cooking.

He didn’t know little Chinese before he came to China.

My brother studied in No.1 Middle School before he joined the army.

4. 由after引导的从句

由after引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句之后，为了表明动作的先后顺序，这是主句的动作用一般过去时，而从句的动作用过去完成时。有时主从句的动词都用过去时。例如：

After he had finished his homework, he went home.

After the bell rang, all the students rushed out of the classroom.

5. 由since引导的从句

在由since引导的复合句中，从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时。例如：

He has never returned home since he joined the army.

I haven’t seen him since he got a job.

注意：在英语里，有一些非延续性的动词，他们只是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up 等，用It is … since…的句型来表达目前存在的一种状态。例如：

It’s a week since he came back.

It’s more than a year since he joined the army.

It’s three years since my younger brother was a football player.

6. till（until）引导的从句

（1）如果主句和从句都用肯定形式，表示“直到……”这一动作直到until 才结束。例如：

They worked until it was too late.

He waits until the children are asleep.

（2）如果主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式，表示“直到……才……”， 并且主句的谓语动词为非延续行动词如：leave, start, come, see, go to bed 等，表示这一动作直到until才开始发生。例如：

I didn’t know it until you told me.

We won’t begin the party until everyone is here.

（3）当主句为一般将来时时，until引导的从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如：

Please don’t get off the bus until it stops.

He won’t have supper until he finishes reading the newspaper.

（4）not…until…的句式可以转化成when 或after 引导的时间状语从句，但主句必须用肯定式。例如：

They didn’t go home until the rain stopped.= They went home after the rain stopped.

The students won’t come into the classroom until the teachers finish their work. = The students will come into the classroom when the teacher finish their work.

7. 由as soon as 引导的从句

（1）主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

（2）主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。一般情况下，从句也用一般过去时。例如：

I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.

We started as soon as we received his telephone.

（二）原因状语从句

其连接词为 because, since, as等。

1. 由because 引导的原因状语从句，直接明白地说明因果关系，语气最强，它引导的从句一般位于主句之后。

注意：

（1）回答用why 提出的问题需用because 回答。

（2）because 不能与并列连词so 连用。

正：Because I had seen the film, I didn’t go to the cinema last night.

正：I didn’t go to the cinema because I had seen the film.

误：Because I had seen the film, so I didn’t go to the cinema last night.

2. as 用来表明比较明显的原因和理由，（由于、既然），这种原因一般是大家都知道的，其从句位于主句之前。

As he was very busy, we went to the cinema without him.

3. since 用来表示比较勉强的理由和原因，意为“既然”。例如：

Since everybody makes mistakes in life, Mr. Smith gave John a chance.

4. 另外由because 引导的原因状语从句，可以由because of 短语换成简单句。

We didn’t go out because it was raining.= We didn’t go out because of the rain.

（三）条件状语从句

1. 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless。如果主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。例如：

She will pass the exam if she works harder.

If you do well in maths, you can learn other subjects well.

2. 注意判定if 引导的从句是宾语从句还是状语从句。在英语里，if 既能引导宾语从句又能引导状语从句。这要看主句中的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。例如：

Could you tell me if it fine tomorrow.

这句话的主句谓语动词是tell, 及物动词，所以后面if 引导的从句是宾语从句。

I won’t go if it isn’t fine tomorrow.

这句话的主句谓语动词是go, 不及物动词，所以后面if 引导的从句是状语从句。

典型例题分析：

Nobody knows if it ________ tomorrow.

A. rains          B. will rain             C. rained

分析：if 既可引导宾语从句又可引导状语从句。此题中判断if 引导的是宾语从句还是状语从句是解题的关键。如果if 引导的是宾语从句，时态应用一般将来时；如果if 引导的是状语从句，时态应用一般现在时。本句如译成“假使明天下雨”是一个常见的条件状语从句，是在诱使考生犯错误，单独的一句话只能是宾语从句，故正确选项为：B。

3. 由“祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 或 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的两个句式都可以转化为由if 引导的条件状语从句。如果连词是or，那么转换成的条件状语从句应该是否定的；如果连词是and, 那么转换成的条件状语从句应该是肯定的。例如：

Hurry up or you will be late. = If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

（四）比较状语从句

连接词有as… as…，than，the… the…，as等。

1. 表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相当时，就用“as + 形容词或副词原级 + as”的句型。

I think science is as important as maths.

Tom runs as fast as John.

2. 表示甲在某一方面不及乙时，就用not so… as… 句型。例如：

The Yellow River is not so long as the Changjiang River.

He did not come so early as Li Lei.

3. 由than 引导的从句

甲在某一方面程度比乙强时，就用……比较级 + than 的句式。当than 前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词或情态动词代替。例如：

I am much taller than you（are）.

His cake is bigger than Lily’s (cake is).

4.“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，表示“越……越……”例如：

The more, the better.

The more you study, the more you will know.

5. 由as 引导的从句。

He drank tea as I did.

We must go as Lei Feng did.

（五）目的状语从句

由so that 或in order that引导，从句中通常有情态动词。

We got up early so that we could catch the early bus.

（六）结果状语从句

由连接词so… that…, such… that… 引导。

1. 如果so 前面是系动词be, become, feel, get, turn等，那么so 后面一般接形容词；如果so 前面是行为动词，那么so 后面就接副词。如果such 后面接的是不可数名词或名词复数，那么直接将名词放在其后，如果后面是可数名词单数，就一定要加a/ an。例如：

Bob is so poor that he can’t even buy a watch for his son.

He ran so quickly that he won the race.

English is such a useful language that it is spoken in many countries of the world.

2. so… that…与 such… that… 可以互换。例如：

（1）It’s such an important match that we can’t miss it. = The match is so important that we can’t miss it.

（2）John is such a nice person that we all like him. = John is so nice to people that we all like him. = John is so nice a person that we all like him.

（七）让步状语从句

由连接词though 引导。应该注意的是由though 连接的主从复合句，用了though 就不能再用but, 这是与汉语完全不同的。

Though we were neither very big nor very strong, we were a good team.

I have to wake him up at 5:00 in the morning though I hate to do so.

【典型例题】

1. I      the message to him as soon as he       back tomorrow.

A. give, come                  B. will give, will come

C. will give, comes              D. give, will come

答案：C

2. While she      TV in the sitting room, the bell      .

A. watches, rings                     B. is watching, rang

C. was watching, rang                D. watched, was ringing

答案：C

分析：本题是由while引导的状语从句，强调的是正在进行“看电视”这一动作时，“门铃响了”这一动作也发生了，所以从句用时行时态，主句用一般过去时。答案为C。

3. She was busy,      she couldn’t go to your birthday party last night.

A. so      B. and      C. or       D. but

答案：A

分析：本题时表示结果的状语从句，前面一句是说明理由“她很忙”，才产生后面的结果“不能参加你的生日晚会。”答案是A。

4. Jack often     （walk）to school, but he     （come）to school by bike this morning.（用动词的适当形式填空）

答案：walks，came

分析：此题的要求是用动词的适当形式填空，其适当形式包括的内容较多，如动词原形，时态、语态、不定式、-ing形式、-ed形式等，一定要找出时间状语，主句与从句之间的连接词，从而确定它们的谓语动词的时态。此题是由两个并列句构成，前一句的时间状语为often，表达的式经常性、习惯性的动作，而第二句的状语是this morning，只是偶尔“今早”的一次，所以应该填walks，came。

5. He     （be）better today than he     （be）yesterday.（用动词的适当形式填空）

答案：is，was。

分析：此题的要求是用动词的适当形式填空，两个动词虽然都是be，但时间状语不同，是今天today与昨天yesterday的比较，所以，正确答案为：is，was。

6. Will you meet him at the station if he     （arrive）?（用动词的适当形式填空）

答案：arrives。

分析：此题是if引导的条件状语从句，主句时将来时，从句就要用一般现在时，即arrives。

7. Don’t cross the road      the light turns green.

A. when     B. while     C. until     D. as

答案：C

分析：如果主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式，表示“直到……才……”，并且主句的为语动词为非延续行动词如：leave，start，come，see，go to bed等，表示这一动作直到until才开始发生，故选择C。

8. She will find him a kind man when she      more about him.

A. knows          B. know      C. will know       D. is going to know

答案：A。

分析：在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来时。

9. It is ten years      I left my hometown.

A. since     B. if      C. whether      D. until

答案：A

分析：在英语里，有一些非延续性的动词，他们只是一瞬间就结束的动作，如：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up等，用It is… since…的句型来表达目前存在的一种状态。故正确答案为：A。

10. I was cooking      he was reading a book.

A. after     B. while     C. because      D. but

答案：B。

分析：由while引导的从句表示某个动作还在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行之中。故正确答案为：B。

11. She worked      quietly that      no one knew she was there.

A. so, as     B. so, that    C. too, to     D. very, that

答案：B。

分析：so…that…意为“如此……以致……”，表示结果，故正确答案为：B。

12. Hurry up,      you will miss the train.

A. and    B. then    C. or     D. /

答案：C。

分析：由“祈使句+or+陈述句”或“祈使句+and+陈述句”的两个句式都可以转化为由if引导的条件状语从句。如果连词是or，那么转换成的条件状语从句应该是否定的；如果连词是and，那么转换成的条件状语从句应该是肯定的。根据本题的句意“快一点，否则就赶不上火车了”，故正确答案为：C。

13. I      to bed last night until my father came back.

A. went    B. didn’t go    C. had gone    D. would go

答案：B。

分析：最可能选错的答案是A。在not…until…句式中，如果主句的谓语动词为非延续行动词如：leave, start, come, see, go to bed等，主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式，表示“直到……才……”，并且，表示这一动作直到until才开始发生。故正确答案为：B。

14. I      him since we met last in 1981.

A. don’t see           B. didn’t see     C. won’t see           D. haven’t seen

答案：D。

15. “Why didn’t Li Lei use a pencil?” “      his pen was broken.”

A. Because    B. When    C. Until    D. If

答案：A。

【模拟试题】

一. 用适当的连词填空

1. We have lived in this city __________ I moved here in 1990.

2. Have you decided what you want to be __________ you grow up?

3. Don’t worry, I’ll phone you __________ __________ __________ I get the news.

4. The drunk man didn’t leave the station __________ the police came yesterday.

5. I haven’t heard from him __________ he went to America .

6. He won’t be here __________ he is invited.

7. We found the books two days __________ he had gone away.

8. Do not leave the room __________ you have finished the test.

9. __________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.

10. __________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.

11. I saw her just __________ she was getting off the train.

12. Have a good look at that man __________ you pass him.

13. It was already eight o'clock __________ we got there.

14. I was about to go out __________ a visitor came.

15. We’ll go to the country at the beginning of June, __________ the summer harvest will start.

16. He learned to speak German __________ he was in Berlin.

17. Henry is in charge of the office __________ Mr. Smith is away.

18. I listen to the recorder __________ I have time.

19. He had learned Chinese __________ he came to China.

20. __________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.

21. I haven’t seen him __________ he moved to the other side of the town.

22. I waited __________ he came back.

23. It was not __________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.

24. She likes everything to be in place __________ she starts to work.

25. The thieves ran away __________ they caught sight of the police.

26. They decided to go back home __________ their money ran out.

27. We played outside till sunset, __________ it began to rain.

二. 从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

（    ）1. It was quiet ______ those big trucks started coming through the town.

A. before              B. after          C. until          D. unless 

（    ）2. Hardly had he reached the school gate ______ the bell rang.

A. while         B. when         C. as             D. as soon as 

（    ）3. I recognized you ______ I saw you at the airport.

A. the moment      B. while         C. after          D. once 

（    ）4. He was about to go to bed ______ the doorbell rang.

A. while         B. as             C. before       D. when

（    ）5. ______ I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

A. Every time               B. When               C. While               D. Until

（    ）6. ______ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

A. As             B. As soon as               C. While               D. Till

（    ）7. The children ran away from the orchard（果园）______ they saw the guard.

A. the moment      B. after          C. before       D. as

（    ） 8. No sooner had I arrived home ______ it began to rain.

A. when               B. while         C. as             D. than

（    ）9. I’ll give her the books as soon as she ______.

 A. comes       B. is coming                 C. will come                 D. came