50m包年多少钱联通:Sanskrit alphabet, pronunciation and language
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Sanskrit is the classical language of Indian and the liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It is also one of the 22 official languages of India. The name Sanskrit means "refined", "consecrated" and "sanctified". It has always been regarded as the 'high' language and used mainly for religious and scientific discourse.
Vedic Sanskrit, the pre-Classical form of the language and the liturgical language of the Vedic religion, is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family. The oldest known text in Sanskrit, the Rigveda, a collection of over a thousand Hindu hymns, composed during the 2nd millenium BC.
Today Sanskrit is used mainly in Hindu religious rituals as a ceremonial language for hymns and mantras. Efforts are also being made to revive Sanskrit as an everyday spoken language in the village of Mattur near Shimoga in Karnataka. A modern form of Sanskrit is one of the 17 official home languages in India.
Since the late 19th century, Sanskrit has been written mostly with the Devanāgarī alphabet. However it has also been written with all the other alphabets of India, except Gurmukhi and Tamil, and with other alphabets such as Thai and Tibetan. The Grantha, Sharda and Siddham alphabets are used only for Sanskrit.
Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has also been written with the Latin alphabet. The most commonly used system is the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST), which was been the standard for academic work since 1912.
Devanāgarī alphabet for Sanskrit
Vowels and vowel diacritics
Consonants
Conjunct consonants
There are about a thousand conjunct consonants, most of which combine two or three consonants. There are also some with four-consonant conjuncts and at least one well-known conjunct with five consonants.
You can find a full list of conjunct consonants used for Sanskrit at:
http://sanskrit.gde.to/learning_tutorial_wikner/P058.html
Numerals
Sample text in Sanskrit
Translated into Sanskrit by Arvind Iyengar
Transliteration
Sarvē mānavā? svatantratā? samutpannā? vartantē api ca, gauravadr??ā adhikāradr??ā ca samānā? ēva vartantē. ētē sarvē cētanā-tarka-?aktibhyā? susampannā? santi. Api ca, sarvē’pi bandhutva-bhāvanayā paraspara? vyavaharantu.
Listen to a recording of this text by Muralikrishnan Ramasamy
Another version of this text
Transliteration (by Stefán Steinsson)
Sarvē mānavā? janmanā svatantrā? vaiyaktikagauravē?a adhikārē?a ca tulyā? ēva, sarvē?ā? vivēka? ātmasāk?ī ca vartatē, sarvē paraspara? bhrāt?bhāvēna vyavaharēyu?.
Hear a recording of this text
Translation and recording by Shriramana Sharma
Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Sanskrit Translation
Our Price:$10.00
Links
Information about the Sanskrit language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
http://www.sanskrit-sanscrito.com.ar
Online Sanskrit lessons
http://acharya.iitm.ac.in/sanskrit/tutor.html
http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/DBLM/olcourse/sanskrit.htm
http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/vedol-0-X.html
http://www.elportaldelaindia.com/El_Portal_de_la_India_Antigua/Sánscrito.html
Omkarananda Ashram's Sanskrit Page
http://omkarananda-ashram.org/Sanskrit/Itranslt.html
Devanagari fonts and keyboards
http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Devanagari.html
http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/devafonts.htm
http://www.thubtenrigzin.fr/en.html
Sanskrit Academy
http://www.samskrtam.org/
Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon
http://webapps.uni-koeln.de/tamil/
Sanskrit Library - contains digitized Sanskrit texts and various tools to analyse them
http://sanskritlibrary.org/
Samskrita Bharati - an organisation established as an experiment in 1981 in Bangalore to bring Sanskrit back into daily life: http://www.samskrita-bharati.org/
American Sanskrit Institute
http://www.americansanskrit.com
Sanskrit Studies
http://www.sanskritstudies.org
Sanskrit Voice - a community of Sanskrit lovers
http://sanskritvoice.com
An archive of Sanskrit dictionaries, readers & grammars in German, English & Russian. (circa 4000 Mb Book Scans, devanagari fonts): http://groups.google.com/group/Nagari
Download free devanagari fonts & transliteration macros. History and hi-res scans of Indian typography: http://nagari.southindia.ru
Free Diwali Cards
http://www.diwali-cards.com
http://www.123diwali.com/
ALPHABETUM - a Unicode font specifically designed for ancient scripts, including classical & medieval Latin, ancient Greek, Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Faliscan, Messapic, Picene, Iberian, Celtiberian, Gothic, Runic, Old & Middle English, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Old Nordic, Ogham, Kharosthi, Glagolitic, Old Cyrillic, Phoenician, Avestan, Ugaritic, Linear B, Anatolian scripts, Coptic, Cypriot, Brahmi, Old Persian cuneiform: http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/~jmag0042/alphabet.html
Languages written with the Devanāgarī alphabet
Bhojpuri, Hindi, Konkani, Maithili, Marathi, Mundari, Nepal Bhasa / Newari, Nepali, Pali, Rajasthani, Sanskrit, Sindhi
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