英语语音、音标与对应字母及字母组合的发音

Time:2010-09-10 01:17Source:unknown Author:editor Click:1711元音：
1)[i：]字母组合：ee ea eie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2)[i]发音字母i ye sit pic ... 1元音：
1)[i：]字母组合：ee ea eie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2)[i]发音字母i ye sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3)[?]发音字母a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4)[e]字母组合ea ea head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5)[?：]字母组合ir ur ear ur or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6)[?]字母组合er or ou ar oa eu teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7)[a：]字母组合ar a
car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8)[?]发音字母u oou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9)[?：]字母组合al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10)[?]/[?]发音字母o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash 11)[u：]字母组合oo ou food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12)[u]字母组合oo ou uo look good foot book should could put full bull pull push women whose 13)[ei]发音字母a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14)[ai]发音字母i y
bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15)[au]字母组合ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16)[?u]发音字母o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17)[?]字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18)[i?]字母组合eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19)[e?]字母组合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20)[u?]
tour poor 2容易混淆的元音
[?][e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：][ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e][ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[au][?：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[au][?]
found fond down done gown gone town ton 3辅音
1)
pen pear play pig pour pull push 2)[b]book big boot bike bread break 3)[t]tree two ten ton town twenty city 4)[d]door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5)[k]king kite key look cook book kitchen sky(发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept(发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray(发音字母x)
school schedule schema(字母组合ch)
6)[g]girl good goal goat grade long language 7)[m]man make moon morning move come comb 8)[n]pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9)[?]uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10)[l]long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11)[r]read red right run room write 12)[f]five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13)[v]very evening even every voice vest 14)[s]six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf(发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate(发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace(字母组合ce)
15)[z]zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16)[θ]think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17)[?]that this those these though 18)[?]sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19)[?]pleasure 20)[h]hot hop home house horse how who 21)[w]when what where window wind wood 22)[j]yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23)[t?]child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24)[d?]age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25)tree country try treat track trunk 26)[dr]dry dream drop drive drink 27)[ts]students boots boats goats nuts 28)[dz]goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音
[v][w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s][θ]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z][?]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n][?]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
添加一点：
9)[?：]字母组合al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter draw saw flaw 23)[t?]child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach(字母组合ch)
catch watch match(字母组合tch)
5字母，组合音节发音规律
1)a[ei][?][?][a：][?：]
late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2)e[i：][e][i][?]不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3)i[ai][i]
high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancécity unit 4)o[?u][u：][?][?][?]
lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5)u[ju][u][?][?]
university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6)c[k][s]
country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7)g[g][d?][?]
girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8)l[l]读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9)n[n][?]
moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10)r[r][(美语发音)
right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11)y[j][i][ai]
yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12)ar[a：][?][?：]
farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13)ea[i：][e][ei][i?]
cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14)ear[?：][i?]
learn earth earn heard 15)er[?：][?][i?]
deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16)ere[i?][ε?]
here mere fere sere there 17)ir[?：][ai]
shirt girl skirt admire desire 18)oo[u：][u][?][?：]
room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19)or[?：][?：][?]
short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senato hear near clear ear fear 20)oor[?：][u?]
door floor moor poor boor 21)our[u?][?：]
hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22)ou[au][?][?]
house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23)ow[?u][au]
window meadow know show low now town how down cow 24)se[z][s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25)th[θ][?]
thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26)sion[??n][??n]
propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27)tion[??n][t??n](不常见)
station nation translation attention question 6关于语音的几个概念：
Phonics是一种(方法),是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来.
AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(简称AHD)
KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon和John Albert Knott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统,这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。
DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典(English Pronouncing Dictionary,1963)中的标音而来.
英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为"Received Pronuciation"(RP)(标准读音)的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。
1888年国际语音协会(International Phonetic Association)的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号(IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。
国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标(DJ)和美式发音的KK音标，前者乃根据Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典(English Pronouncing Dictionary,1963)，后者则是根据John S.Kenyon&Thomas A.Knott二氏的美语发音字典(A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English,1956)。值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号(IPA)而来，Kenyon&Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。
音素：音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
元音：发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音：发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.
开音节：1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节：1)辅音+元音+辅音sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音it is of in on up out ant
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读音
例词
a
在开音节中
[ei]name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中
[?]bag dad hat map black back E在开音节中
[i：]he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e]bed let pen desk yes egg i在开音节中
[ai]bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
[i]fish big drink sit milk swim o
在开音节中
[ou]those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
[]clock not box shop sock u
在开音节中
[ju：]student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[]bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j lr s后面时读[u：]音，例如：June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读音
例词
a
[]China another woman breakfast
[i]orange comrade village cabbage e
[]hundred student open weekend
[i]chicken pocket begin children I[]/[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]exercise satellite o[]second tonight somebody welcome
[u]also zero photo U[]autumn diffcult
[ju：]popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j lr s后面时，读[u(：)]音，例如：July influence February issue
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a ei即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读音
例词
a在[w]音后面
[]want what watch wash quality a在f nsk ph sp ss st th前
[α：]after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd-ld和gh前
[ai]find child light high o在-st-ld前
[ou]most postcard old cold o在m nv th前
[]come monkey love mother
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读音
例词
Ar ar在[w]音后面
[α：]car farm dark sharpener
[：]warm quarter towards Or or在[w]音后面
[：]forty morning short
[：]word worker worse er ir ur
[：]certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读音
例词
Are[ε]care dare hare ere[i]here mere ire[ai]fire hire wire ore[：]more score before ure[ju]pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。
例如：parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如：orange very American paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读音
例词
ai/ay[ei]afraid rain wait day play air[ε]air hair chair pair repair al al在f m前
[]small ball talk wall all
[：l]always also salt almost
[α：]half calm au/aw[：]autumn daughter draw ea[i：]teach easy cheap please
[e]heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]break great Ear[i]hear dear near clear year
[ε]bear pear wear swear
[：]earth learn early Ee[i：]jeep week green three Eer[i]pioneer deer beer ei/ey[ei]eight neighbour they
[i：]either key eu/ew在j lr s后
[ju：]new few newspaper
[u：]flew brew jewelry ie/ei[s]音之后
[i：]piece field receive Oa[ou]coat Joan boat goal oar/oor[：]roar board door floor oi/oy[i]noise point boy toilet oo[u：]broom food tooth school
[u]book look cook foot good ou/ow[au]flower house count down
[ou]
know row throw though
[]young country enough
[u：]group you soup Our[：]course your four
[au]our hour ours
[：]jour ney Ui在j lr s后
[ju：i]fluid suicide tuition
[u：]juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读音
例词
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]Sunday foreign monkey Ow[ou]yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。
例如：neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion-tion
[n]impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[n]vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[n]question suggestion
-sten[sn]listen
-stle[sl]Whistle
-sure[]pleasure measure
-ture[]picture culture
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
everyday[ei]
handbag[?]
blackboard[：]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
sun太阳+day[ei]日子>Sunday[i]星期天
holy神圣+day[ei]日子>holiday[i]假日
break中断+fast[α：]斋戒>breakfast[]早餐
cup茶杯+board木板[：]>cupboard[]碗柜
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组
读音
例词
B[b]bike bus bag
[/]bomb tomb?
C c在e前或在i/y前
[k]cake picture coat music
[s]face decide cinema Ch[]much chick rich teacher
[k]school headache chemistry
[]machine Chicago
-ck[k]cock pocket black knock D[d]doctor bread hand day
-dge[]bridge fridge dr-[dr]children driver drink f[f]five four breakfast gg在e i/y前
[]bag gardon go
[]orange large German Gh[f]cough enough
[/]light daughter high H[w]language anguish
[h]
hot head house hand
[/]hour honest j
[]jeep jar joke join July K[k]kind bike skate make week kn-[n]knife know knock l[l]life milk school tall m[m]monkey come autumn
-mn[m]autumn column solemn n
n在[k][g]音前
[n]not shine ten note
[]uncle thank hungry
-ng[]morning young wrong P
paper plane pig ship pen Ph[f]elephant photo telephone Q[k]Iraq qu-[kw]quality quite r[r]red rubber ruler s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s]sit sleep desk
[z]music husband sc-[sk]scarlet
[s]muscle scie nce Sh[]she fish shirt wash t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前
[t]ten letter meet
[]patient nation Tch[]watch th在通常情况下
在冠词代词介词连词中
在词尾-the-ther中
[θ]thin thirty method
[]the these with than
[]clothe father weather tr-tree train country truck v[v]very voice love leave w[w]week win wake sweet wait
[/]answer two wh-wh-在字母o前
[w]what when white why
[h]who whose whole x在重读元音前
[ks]box text exercise
[gz]examle exist exact wr-[r]write y-[j]yes yard yellow young z[z]puzzle zero zoo
十、英语语音名词解释
1.音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节([m][n][][l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。
2.音节的划分①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如：长音pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 3.重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
4.开音节①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse.
5.闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r wy除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 6.双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如：′stu-dent′Chi-na′sec-ond′au-tumn in-′deed
含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：
a′bout be′fore ex′cuse re′pair for-′get-ful in-′ven-tor 7.多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如：′el-e-phant con-grat-u-′la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien′tific im′pression′nation
(Editor：admin)