右下颌处疼痛但是不肿:子宫日记（8）

In the womb 8

       In most miscarriages which occur in the first trimester, the mother is unaware of what has happened and may mistake her miscarriage for a heavy period. Initially, as they develop, male and female fetuses have identical genitals(生殖器). Both sexes have a protuberance(突起) which boys will become a penis(阴茎) and for girls a clitoris(阴蒂).

流产大部分发生在怀孕的头三个月里，母亲往往不清楚发生了什么事，并可能因为流产而在很长时间里郁郁寡欢。怀孕初期，男孩和女孩有着相同的生殖器。胎儿在生殖器部位都有一个突起，男孩发育为阴茎，女孩则发育成阴蒂。

      At 12 weeks, the only difference is that they stick out at different angles. Looking at an ultrasound, an expert might guess the sex of the baby based on this angle. But it will be a few more weeks before there is a clear difference between male and female genitals. But in each case the sex organs are already hard at work. For a male, the testicles(睾丸) are producing testosterone(睾丸激素) and the ovaries(卵巢) of a baby girl are already busy making her own supply of eggs.

12周的时候，男孩女孩的唯一区别是他们呈现出不一样的身体角度。B超让医生能根据孩子的角度来判断其性别。但是再过几周后，男孩和女孩的突起就有了明显区别。性器官也开始工作，男孩的睾丸产生睾丸激素，女孩的卵巢则排出卵子。

       After 4 months, the fetus is still running on reflexes, but big changes are taking place. Her nervous system is up and running and her movements are increasingly being controlled by her brain. At 5 and a half inches long, she is much more mobile now, muscles are flexing, fingers and toes are separated and defined, and her bones are hardening.

        4个月后，胎儿仍然依靠反射来运动，但一些巨大的变化正在悄悄进行着。她的神经系统开始工作起来，身体运动逐渐被大脑控制。在5.5英寸大的时候，她能够做更多的动作了。肌肉开始形成，手指和脚趾分开成形，骨头也慢慢变硬。

        Hands develop before the feet, which could be because they are going to be used first once the baby is born, or it could be, because the hands being important sensory organs, develop at the same time as all the other sensors are beginning to form.

手比脚先发育，因为孩子出生后首先用到手，也可能因为手是一个重要的感觉器官，它必须与其他感觉器官同时形成。

        The eyes have grown closer together, giving the fetus a more human look. The central nervous system extends its connections from the brain to most parts of the body, allowing the brain to gradually establish total control. The heart, for instance, is no longer beating spontaneously(自发的) and spasmodically(断续的). Instead, the brain regulates the muscles and keeps them pumping blood at a steady 140 to 150 beats per minute.

两只眼睛渐渐靠近，这使胎儿看起来更像一个小人儿了。神经网络布满全身，从大脑开始覆盖到身体每一部分，大脑逐渐建立起对全身的控制。比如心脏，它就不再是自发而断续地跳动，而是在大脑的控制下有规律地跳动，推动血液循环，每分钟心跳稳定在140-150次。

       Using a Doppler(多普勒) probe, it’s now possible to hear what a baby’s heart sounds like. As the nervous system extends throughout the fetus, so too does her capacity to respond to stimulus. She is becoming sensitive to touch and if prodded(刺) through the mother’s abdomen(腹部), she is likely to squirm(蠕动).

通过多普勒探测仪，我们可以听到孩子心脏跳动的声音。因为神经系统遍布胎儿全身，所以她能对刺激作出反应。胎儿对触摸很敏感，如果轻轻戳母亲的腹部，胎儿就可能蠕动起来。

       From 4 months on, the fetus makes a lot of intricate movements. She can bend, flex(弯曲) and twist her extremities(手足), her fingers, wrists, legs and toes. More incredible she is already beginning to develop an awareness of the space around her. It’s called proprioception(本体感受), the unconscious sense of her body’s place in space that helps her interact with her environment.

从四个月开始，胎儿能做很多复杂的动作。她可以弯曲、伸展自己的手脚，手指、关节、腿和脚趾都可以动。更让人难以置信的是，她已经开始对周围的世界有了感觉。这被称为本体感受，是胎儿对所处环境的无意识的感觉，这种感觉能帮助她与周围环境进行交流。

       This 4D scan shows actual footage(胶片) of a fetus reaching up to touch her head. In these computer-generated images, the movements have been taking directly from observations of the 4D scans. Sensors give constant feedback to the brain and the movement can then be refined and gradually perfected.

        4D扫瞄的这张照片里，一个胎儿正在摸她的头。在电脑合成的图片里看到的胎儿动作，是直接在4D扫瞄仪上观察到的。感觉器官把神经反射直接反馈给大脑，胎儿的动作就能变得更加完整优美。

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