总裁很温柔南官夭夭:高考必考40个重要句型精讲(七)
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while引导的从句
while除了有“当/在……时候”的意思外(注意:引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词!),另外的两层意思也是考查的重点:(1)while = although “尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句;(2)while的意思是“然而;可是”,常用来表达对比关系。
[例句]
While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don’t think that they can’t be solved.
尽管我承认这个问题很难,但是我并不认为无法解决。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点,我也能看出他的缺点。
While I was angry with her, I didn’t lose my temper.
虽然我很生气,但我当时没有对她发脾气。
While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 虽然我了解你的见解, 我还是不能同意(你)。
I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只赚120美元,她却赚180美元。
句型17
where…(地点从句)
[注意]where引导地点从句时,可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语,指代地点时,这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时,没有这样用法。
[例句]
You should put the book where it was. 把书放回原处。
Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.
不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人类贪欲不止,世界和平无望。
Go where you should, keep on studying. 无论你到哪里,你都应该继续学习。
That is the building where my father works. 那是我父亲工作的大楼。
Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百货公司,就在那儿遇见了我的老师。
That’s where a change is needed. 那就是需要变更的地方。
We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。
You should let your children play where you can see them. 你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。
Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引导定语从句)
有些地方太冷不能种水稻,但可以种马铃薯。
[请比较下面的句子结构的不同]
Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引导地点状语从句)
句型18
what引导的从句
what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语,既可以指人,也可以指物。
[例句]
What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?
What did you pay for this picture? 这幅画你付了多少钱?
What is most important in life isn’t money. 人生最重要的并非是金钱。
Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗?
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已经不是10年前的她了。
句型19
as引导的非限制性定语从句
在as引导的非限制性定语从句中,连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等,可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活,即可以在句子前面,在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有:as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容,不表示部分内容。
[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”,表达“好”的方面。
[注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时,常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物,也可以指整个句子。
[例句]
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你,这也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出,他是个老师。
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。
It’s the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。
句型20
which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容,也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等),在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置:只能放在主句后,不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时,常用which,只指物。
[例句]
Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州,是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。
The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的,现在还走时很准。
The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.
那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买,却是幅赝品。
She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意,这使我们大家都生气了。
I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年,在那期间我学了法语。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴,
这是我们没有预料到的。 句型21(1)、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however用来引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。[例句]Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.无论发生什么事,我们都不能失去希望。Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 无论你有什么理由,你都应该遵守诺言。Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 无论谁来,都会受到热烈欢迎。Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday. 此事无论发生在何时,但绝不是昨天。Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 无论什么时候你去找她,你都会看到她坐在窗边。Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people.Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same. 他们当中不论你选哪一个,品质都一样。However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can’t find the answer. (2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导名词性从句,这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。[例句]Take whichever you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。I’ll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就给你看什么。Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在这种大雨中行走都会患感冒。You may invite whomever(口语中常用whoever代替)you like to the party. 你可以邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。倒装结构句型22全倒装句型(一)here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首,句子需要全部倒装[例句]There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了!Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。Away went the thief when he saw the police. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。 [注意](1)在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词,像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。(2)主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如:Away he went. 他走远了。句型23全倒装句型(二)表示方位的状语放在句首,句子全倒装;谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物动词。[例句]On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的***在行走。Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。句型24全倒装句型(三)(表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)…So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引导的句子倒装,而that引导的句子不倒装!) (这种结构是半倒装句。) [例句]Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理,设计师和词作者。Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师,他们在认真地听新教师的课。Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses. 农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧,两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语非常清晰,别人都能听懂他的话。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快,我们几乎无法想象它的速度。句型25 半倒装句(一)否定意义的副词或短语放在句首,句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有:little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(决不), at no time(在任何时候都不),nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不);not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition(决不) 等。[例句]Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人根本没有注意到发生的情况。Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那时几乎没有明白他给我说的话。 It’s beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 那真是用语言难以形容。世界上没有其他地方会有这么安静、美丽的地方了。Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考试中没有犯一个错误。By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 这些艺术品根本不能令人满意。On no condition should you visit that place. 你决不能去那个地方。
句型26 半倒装句(二)
not only…, but also…(前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装)
[例句]
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不仅他拥有的一切被那走了,就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。
They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他们建议我们不仅要参加晚会,还要进行表演。
Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我们学生不仅要学习好,还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。
句型27半倒装句(三)
neither, nor放在句首
[例句]
If you don’t go to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看电影,我也不去。
--Why didn’t you buy the jacket?
--Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me.
价格不能令人满意,颜色也不太适合我。
I don’t like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜欢他,也不关心他。
句型28 半倒装句(四)
“only + 状语”放在句首,句子半倒装
[例句]
Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到战争结束他才回去工作。
Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18岁才能参军。
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有这样,我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。
Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.
只有改变生活方式,我们才能拯救地球。
[注意]这种结构的倒装只在only引导状语的时候使用,only引导主语的时候不用倒装。
Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。
Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有这种方法才能帮你做出题目。
句型29 半倒装句(五)
so + be动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”(表示肯定意思)
neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”(表示否定意思)
[例句]
She is interested in the story, so am I.
He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I.
I saw the film last night, so did he.
In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits.
近20年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化,我们的饮食习惯也变了。
Tom didn’t attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom没来参加昨晚的会议,Mary也没来。
I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom.
[比较1] “so + 主语 + 助动词” 表示肯定已有的观点或事实
[例句]
–We have all worked hard these days.
–So we have.(的确如此)
I promised to help him, and so I did.(我确实帮助他了)
[比较2] “主语 + 助动词 + so” 表示按照别人的要求去做
[例句]
The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so.
The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.
句型30
so it is with somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎么
样,后者也怎么样
[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句,或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时,用此句型。
[例句]
John likes English but he doesn’t like maths, so it is with me (so it is the same with me).
Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me.
–He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像个男子汉,敢于对自己的所作所为负责。
–So he was, and so it was with you. 他的确如此,你当时也一样。
虚拟语气
句型31
(从句)If + were/did(动词的过去式),(主句)主语 + would/might/should/could + do(表示对现在情况的假设)
[例句]
If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你,我不会如此自负。
I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.
If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置,我会好好考虑它。
句型32
(从句)If + had done, (主句)主语+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设)
[例句]
What a pity it is that you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.
真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了,就能见到那位著名歌手。
Anyone in his position would have done the same.
=If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何处在他位置的人都会这样做的。
句型33
(从句)If + were/did(动词过去式)/were to do/should do,(主句)主语+ would/might/should/could + do(表示对将来的假设)
[例句]
If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn’t matter at all. 万一他拒绝了,那也没关系。
If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?
万一高考不中,你该怎么办?
句型34虚拟语气条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,如果出现有were, had, should,可以省去if, 把这些词放在句子前面,构成虚拟倒装句。
[例句]
Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他还这样做,就要受罚。
Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达,小孩就会得救。
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.
句型35
if only引起的感叹句,相当于 “How I wish + 宾语从句”,意思是“但愿……;要是……就好了”
[例句]
If only he could come! 他要是能来就好了!
If only we students didn’t have so much homework!要是没有这么多的作业该多好!
If only I hadn’t been so careless in the exam! 我当时没有那么粗心就好了!