虚拟语气（三）

5、使用虚拟语气应注意事项

1）表示强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气

句型：If + 主语 +  were to + 原形动词，主语 + would/could/might/should/ought to +原形动词

2）if的省略：if从句中  助动词had \should\were “何叔伟”

3）时态不一致的假设，句型如下：

If + 主语 +had +p.p.，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to +原形动词+now/today

4)可取代if的其他连接词：in case(that)\on condition that\provide(that)\providing(that)\so long as（只要)\as long as（只要），这类连接词通常只用在纯条件的虚拟语气中。它们引导的从句时态均为一般现在时。

5）but for…  若非、要不是……

a、与现在事实相反：若非……就……

b、与过去事实相反：若非当时……就……

6）lest…(should)…  以免……

7）as if…=as though…  仿佛……

a、表极大的可能——>动词用一般时态

b、表与现在事实相反——>动词用一般过去时

c、表与过去事实相反——>动词用过去完成时

8、What if …should…?  要是……的话会怎样（要怎么办）？

if从句使用助动词should。

例如：What if he should come?=What could I (we)do if he should come?

要是他来了怎么办？

主意：What if之后也可以用一般现在时，所以例句可以改写为：

What if he comes?=What shall we do if he comes?

9、It is time + that从句的一般过去时：

It is time (high time) + that 从句的一般过去时  “该是……的时候了”

注意：本句型的that从句动词要用一般过去时。

10、If only… “要是……就好了”

本句型只用于与现在事实或过去事实相反的虚拟语气中。

11、wish的用法：之后接that 从句时，一定要使用虚拟语气。若与现在事实相反，要用一般过去时；如果与过去事实相反，则要用过去完成时。

12、hope的用法：之后接that 从句时，要使用一般时态，表示极大的可能性。

13、I hope 与祈使句的关系：

例：I hope (that) he may live long.=May he live long!  愿他长命百岁！

14、wish 和 hope 的异同：

a、相同部分：1）均可用不定式作宾语

2）也可作不及物动词与介词for连用，表“期望获得”之意，以名词作其宾语。

b、不同部分：表“祝福”时只能使用wish，之后接两个名词或代词作其宾语。

例如：I wish you a good time.  祝你们玩得愉快。

I wish my parents longevity.  祝我父母亲长命百岁！

15、虚拟语气练习讲解：

1、What would you do if you (c) a million dollars?

A have    B have had    C had      D shall have

2、Even if I （c），I wouldn’t.

A can   B shall   C could    D will

3、If he were alive, he () twenty years old now.

A will be     B would be     C would have been     D is

4、I don’t think you () me even if I told you the truth.

A will believe     B would have believed    C would believe    D believed

5、If I had not called for a doctor, your friend ().

A had died    B will have died     C will die     D would have died

6、I would have married her if she () such an extravagant girl.

A were not    B wouldn’t be      C would not have been     D hadn’t been

7、If it () convenient, let’s meet at nine o’clock.

A is     B being    C was     D were

8、If he () in a day or two, I would wait for him.

A will return    B returns     C were to return     D had returned

9、If he () late, give him the message.

A were coming   B would come    C should come    D were come

10、（） the doctor come a little sooner, the patient would have been saved.

A Had     B Should    C Were     D If

11、（） his aid, I could not have succeeded.

A But    B without    C Not    D Unless

12、I （） abroad last year but for my illness.

A would go    B would have gone   C had gone     D went

13、I （） had it not been that he grasped me.

A should have fallen    B should fall    C had fallen     D fell

14、I wish I () as tall as she.

A is     B am    C were    D be

15、Oh，if only I () your advice then.

A take    B took    C should take     D had taken

16、She talked and acted as if she () abroad for a long time.

A would have lived   B might live  C lived    D had lived

17、Mr.Smith is, (), a walking dictionary.

A as it is    B as though    C as it were     D as if

18、He would rather people （） about his family.

A not talked    B haven’t talked   C didn’t talk    D wouldn’t have talked

19、What if I ()?

A failed   B should fail   C would fail   D had failed

20、If he () in Germany, what language would he probably speak now?

A had born    B have been born    C had been born     D would have been born