健康养生会所:模块9 Unit 4 重点词汇讲解

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单  元:Unit 4 Behind beliefs
板  块:词汇
精选词汇讲解
1. polish
1) polish vt. 磨光,擦亮,提高,改进
He polished his floor with a special chemical.
他用一种特殊的化学物质来擦亮地板。
2) polish up磨光,擦亮,提高,改进
He polished up an old copper coin.
他擦亮了一枚古铜币。
I’ll need to polish up my French if I’m going to France for my holidays.
如果我想去法国旅游,我需要提高我的法语。
3) polish off 吃完,完成
He polished up a plate of fish in no time at all
他瞬间就吃完了一盘子鱼。
4) polish n.鞋油,去污剂,亮彩,磨擦
Your shoes need a polish.
你的鞋需要擦一擦。
He bought a tin of brown polish.
他昨天买一听褐色鞋油。
A hot plate can spoil the table’s polish.
热盘子会毁桌面的光滑。
Your writing has potential but lacks polish.
你的文章有潜质但缺少文采。
2. figure
1)figure n. 数字;钱数
His score is now well into double figures.
他的得分现在已达到两位数了。
It is estimated that his property is up to a figure of $200 million.
据估计他的财产已达两亿美元的金额。
2) figure n. 体形,体态
How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?
她吃这么多,究竟是怎样保持优美的身材的?
3) figure n. 人物,重要人物
He was the outstanding political figure of his time.
他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。
4) figure n. 人影
I can’t make out a dark figure in the distance.
我看不清远处的一个黑色人影。
5) figure v. (经过思考后)认为,以为
I figured that he was drunk and shouldn’t be allowed to drive.
我认为他喝醉了,不应该让他开车。
6) figure v. 计算
Larry figured his expenses for the past month.
拉里计算了他上个月的开支。
词组:
figure out 想出,理解(某事)
Can you figure out how to do it?
你能想出这件事该怎么办?
It took me hours to figure those algebra problems out.
我花几个小时才算出那些代数题。
3. in other words 换言之,也就是说
In other words, our objective is to avoid losing.
也就是说,我们的目标是要避免失败。
拓展:
1) find the words 用恰当的语言表达
She only wished she could find the words to express her affection for the old man.
她只想希望用恰当的语言表达对这位老人的感情。
2) keep one’s word  信守诺言
Gail kept her word and returned all the money.
盖尔履行了她的诺言,把钱如数归还。
3) in a word 总之,一句话,简言之
―Do you enjoy the film?
―In a word—no.
“你喜欢这部电影吗?” “一句话,不喜欢。”
4) word for word  逐字逐句
The newspaper printed his speech more or less word for word.
报纸几乎逐字逐句地刊登了他的讲话。
5) have a word with sb. 与某人交谈
Could I have a word with you after the meeting?
会后我们可否谈谈?
6) have words with sb, 与某争吵
Yesterday he had words with his classmate about a small thing.
昨天他为一件小事跟同学吵架了。
4. represent  v.
1) 代表(某人、某团体)
Mr. Kobayashi was chosen to represent the company at the conference.
小林先生被选为该公司会议的代表。
2)体现,表达(某一那群人的情感、意见等)
The protesters represented only a small section of public opinion.
抗议者仅表达了一小部分民意。
3)作为(某团体)的代表出席
All the local societies and clubs were represented in the parade.
当地所有的社团和俱乐部都有代表参加了游行。
4)象征,表示
The red lines on the map represent railways.
地图上的红线表示铁路。
5)(用图画)表示,描绘
The painting represents the first settlers arriving in America.
这幅画描绘了首批移民到达美洲时的情景。
6)represent oneself as 佯称自己是
They represented themselves as the party of low taxation.
他们佯称自己是主张低税率的党派。
7)represent sb as  把某人描写为
Shakespeare represents Richard III as a cruel-hearted person.
莎士比亚将理查三世描写成一个心肠狠毒的人。
8) 再送给,再提出
The phone company re-presented the bill for payment.
电话公司再度寄来账单要求付款。
5. mend one’s way 改邪归正,改过自新
In the past, he was a troublemaker, but now he has mended his way.
过去,他是个惹事生非的人,但现在已经改邪归正了。
mend a fault 改正错误
Crying will not mend matters. 哭无济于事。
The patient is mending nicely. 病人正在日益好转。
It is never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。
联想:
find one’s way out 找到出路
feel one’s way 摸索着前进
fight one’s way 突破---而前进
make one’s way (艰难)朝---走
force one’s way 挤出一条路
have one’s way 随心所欲
push one’s way 挤过去
6. expression  n.
1) 词,词组;措辞
The expression “in the family way” means “pregnant”.
词组“in the family way”的意思是“怀孕”。
2) 表情
Petra looked at her plate with an expression of disgust.
彼得拉看着自己盘子里的食物,面露厌恶的表情。
3) 表达,表示
The minister gave expression to his anger in an attack on the government last night.
这位部长昨晚对政府进行了攻击,表达了他的愤怒。
4) 表露,展现
Tom’s potential artistic talents found their expression in music.
汤姆的艺术潜能在音乐中得以体现。
7. mean  v.
1) 意欲,打算
mean to do sth
I’ve been meaning to phone you all the week.
整整一星期以来我一直打算给你打电话。
mean sb to do sth
Oh, no! I never meant her to read those comments.
真不应该!我从来没打算让她看那些评论。
mean for sb to do sth
I didn’t mean for her to get hurt.
我并没有让她受到伤害的意思。
be meant to do sth  应该做某事
I thought the police were meant to protect people.
我以为警察的职责就是保护人民。
2)意味着,意思是
What do you mean by that? 你那么说是什么意思?
I’m determined to solve this mystery even if it means traveling to New York myself.
我决心解开这个秘密,即使这意味着我要亲自到纽约去一趟。
拓展:
mean adj. 卑鄙的,不善良的,吝啬的
It was mean of you to eat all the food.
你把所有的食物都吃光了,你可太坏了。
Don’t be so mean to her. 不要对她如此刻薄!
He’s always been mean with his money. 他对钱总是很吝啬。
8. refer to
1) 提到,谈到
We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
我们一致同意永远一再提这件事。
Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.
尽管她没有提到任何名字,但大家都知道她指的是谁。
2) 参考,查看,查阅
Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.
请在不查阅词典的情况下完成练习。
3) 涉及,关于
The figures in the left-hand column refer to our sales abroad.
左栏里的数字是关于我们海外销售额。
4) 让---去查询,提交(某机构或某人)作决定
Professor Watson referred me to an article she had written on the subject.
沃森教授要我去查阅她写的一篇关于这个主题的文章。
9. passage n.
1) 过道,走廊
Mary’s room is just along the passage.
玛丽的房间就在走廊的那一边。
2) 通道,通路
We forced a passage through the crowd.
我们从人群中挤出一条通道。
3) 一段,一节
You will understand the whole text after reading the first passage.
读了第一段之后,你就会理解整个课文了。
4) (法案的)通过
The bill was amended several times during its passage through the Congress.
那项法案在国会通过期间作过几次修改。
5) 穿过;越过;经过
The bridge isn’t strong enough to allow the passage of heavy vehicles.
那座桥不够坚固,无法承载重型车辆通过。
6) 时间的流逝
With the passage of time, things began to look more hopeful.
随着时间的流逝,事情开始显得更有希望了。
10. instruct  v.
1)命令,指示
instruct sb to do sth
Our staff have been instructed to offer you every assistance.
我方工作人员奉命为您提供一切帮助。
as instructed  依照指示
We returned the questionnaire as instructed.
我们依照指示交回了调查表。
2)教授,指导
instruct sb in sth
Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.
需要更大的努力来教导孩子们的道路安全意识。
3)(正式)通知
instruct sb that
I want you to instruct them that they have to attend an important meeting to attend this afternoon.
我要你通知他们今天下午他们都得出席一个重要会议。
4) (法律)聘请(律师)出庭
Once you have decided to proceed with a case, you should instruct a good lawyer.
一旦你决定打官司,应当聘请一位好律师。
11. circumstance  n.
1)情况,情形
I can’t imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her.
我想象不出一种我会跟她吵架的情形。
2)under/in no circumstances  决不,无论如何都不
Under no circumstances are you to leave the house.
你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。
3)in/under the circumstances  在这种情况下,既然如此
The result was the best that could be expected under the circumstances.
在这种情况下,这是我们能期待的最好结果。
4)无法控制的因素,环境,境遇
Force of circumstance compelled us to leave. 形势所迫, 我们不得不走。
12. suit
1) vt. 适合,相配
Will it suit you if I come around at three?
我三点来合适吗?
That song doesn’t suit his voice.
这首歌不适合你的嗓子.
Your hairstyle doesn’t suit your face.
你的发型与你的脸型不相配.
2) n.(一)套,套装
Today he is wearing a sports suit
今天他穿着一套运动服.
He looks very handsome in a suit of dark clothes.
穿一套深色西服,他看上去很潇洒.
3) vt. suit oneself 随某人的便
―I don’t really feel like going out tonight.    ―Suit yourself.
―我今晚不是很想出去。     ―随你的便。
4) be suited to 和……相配
These clothes aren’t really suited to a tropical climate.
这些衣服不适合于热带地区.
13. honour
1) n. 荣誉,光荣的事
For the French team, winning tomorrow’s game is a matter of national honour.
对法国队来说,在明天的比赛中获胜事关国家荣誉。
Earlier this year I had the honour of meeting the President and Mrs Bush.
今年早些时候,我有幸见到了布什总统和他的夫人。
2) n. 荣誉称号,荣誉勋章
Churchill received many of his country’s highest honours.
邱吉尔曾获得过很多由国家授予的最高荣誉勋章。
3) vi./vt. 感到荣幸;礼待(某人)
I felt deeply honoured to be playing against the former Wimbledon Champion.
能与温布尔登网球的前冠军球手比赛,我深感荣幸。
Our honoured guests this evening are the scientists from America.
我们今晚的贵宾是来自美国的科学家。
4) 给(某人)以荣誉
The government has honoured him many times for his great contributions to his motherland.
由于他对祖国的作出的巨大贡献,政府给予他很多荣誉。
词组:
it is an honour to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
in honour of 为了表示对(某人)的崇敬
do the honours (在社交场合)尽主人之谊
honour a contract / agreement 履行合同/协议
14. possession  n.
1) 所有物,财产
I packed my remaining possessions into the trunk.
我把我剩下的财物装进了箱子里。
2) (正式)拥有,占有
The house has been in the family’s possession since the 1500s.
这所房子自16世纪以来一直归这个家族所有。
be in one’s possession / have sth in one’s possession  拥有某物
come into one’s possession  为某人所得到,落入某人之手
take/have possession of sth  拥有某物,拿到某物
15. picture
n.
1) 画,图画,照片
A picture of a waterfall hung on the wall.
一幅绘有瀑布的画挂在墙上。
2) 描写,描绘,描述
Archaeologists are trying to build up a picture of life in Mayan cities.
考古学家正努力再现玛雅城市的生活。
3) 图画,画面
Something is wrong with the TV—the picture is blurry.
这台电视机出毛病了—图像模糊不清。
4) 形象,印象
I still have a vivid picture of the first time I saw Paris.
我还清晰地记得我第一次见到巴黎时的情形。
v.
1) 想像,设想
Rob had pictured her as kind of serious, but she wasn’t like that at all.
罗布想像她有点严肃,但她根本不是那样。
2) 拍摄,画,绘
The billboard pictured a handsome, thirtyish man smoking a cigarette.
在这个广告牌是一位30岁左右的英俊男子在抽烟的照片。
3) 描述,描绘
The situation is realistically pictured in the first chapter.
第一章真实地描绘了这一状况。
三、词汇拓展训练
(一)单项选择
1. My sister was against my suggestion that we go to Shanghai for our holidays while my brother was __________ it.
A. in favor of                   B. in memory o          C. in honor of            D. in search of
2. The best example of a paradox is the proverb ‘More _______ less speed’.
A. haste                B. range                C. possession            D. purse
3. Please do not ______ when somebody else is talking.
A. intend                      B. interpret                C. interrupt               D. invest
4. Thanks for the advice, but this is something I have to _________ out myself.
A. fulfill                  B. identify              C. figure                D. claim
5. Under no _________ will I go there again.
A. circumstance             B. situation             C. giant                 D. happen
6. ―Mom, I still have an ache in my stomach.
―Don’t worry. The pain will go away_________.
A. by the by                 B. side by side         C. by and by            D. one by one
7. ―The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.
―Don’t worry. We have already ______ two thirds of it.
A. got down                B. got through           C. throw away           D. given away
8. By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we _______ it.
A. polish                    B. make                C. do                  D. treasure
9. It was __________ to everyone that he was seriously ill, because he was looking pale all day.
A. vague                     B. apparent             C. deliberate             D. loose
10. Always read the ________ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
A. explanations            B. instructions          C. descriptions          D. introductions
(二)单词拼写
1. While listening to the terrible story, I felt my facial _________(表情) beginning to change.
2. All the mistakes in my English composition had been _________(加下划线) in red ink by my teacher.
3. Don’t worry. There are two ________(直截了当的) ways of achieving this result.
4. The instructions for this clever method are given _________(频繁地) and are easy to understand.
5. The president went abroad for a friendly visit, accompanied by his _________(译员).
6. Why you let her talk you into doing such a foolish thing is beyond my _________(理解力).
7. Increased speed of _________(通讯) means that people can act much more quickly and work more efficiently.
8. Now I find that the level of _______(能力) among hospital staff is not as high as expected.
9. He was rather ________(含糊的) about the reasons why he was so late for class this morning.
10. Building inspectors should have a _________(完全的) knowledge of construction materials, otherwise, quality problems will come up in some buildings.
(三)词组填空
(A)
by and by         mend one’s ways       in other words
for a long time     quite a few            throw away
1. The Communist Party committees tried to ‘re-educate’ him but he refuse to __________.
2. It will come all the easier to like him __________ when we are all together.
3. I have been waiting for her _________, but she hasn’t turned up yet.
4. Now even ________ scientists continue to doubt whether cloning is beneficial to human beings.
5. Britain must now _________ this opportunity by electing a Labor government.
6. He didn’t do well in the College Entrance Examination. ________, he may not go to any key university.
(B)
search for        be associated with        refer to
For instance      make a point             be meant to
1.       In children’s minds summer __________ picnics.
2.       I have always __________ of visiting my mother on her birthday.
3.       Motorola, _________ , has announced that from now on all Motorola-produced mobile phones will have access to the Internet.
4.       He who would __________ pearls must dive below.
5.       They __________ serve as an introduction, to whet your appetite for further study and to help you understand those around you better.
6.       The traveler __________ his guide book for details of his journey.
(四)综合填空
W: Hi. I’d like to know something about idiom. Could you please tell me?
M: With pleasure. An idiom is a group of  words or an (1) e_________ whose meaning often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of the (2) s_________ words in it. Its meaning can be completely different from the meanings of its (3) c_________ . It you can’t recognize when an idiom is being used, you can (4) m_________ what you read or hear spoken.
W: Then where do many idioms come from?
M: They mostly come from the Bible which was first written in Hebrew and then translated into Greek. However, many idioms have either lost their (5) o_________ meanings or have only a vague or loose (6) c_________ to Hebrew or Greek idioms.
W: What meanings do Biblical idioms have?
M: Biblical idioms originally had (7) s_________ and clear meanings because they were often meant to (8) u_________ the moral of a story  and to give audiences an image to help them to understand the story better. And there are also many idioms from the Bible that use animals to create an image. Another focus of Biblical idioms is often food or things (9) r_________ to food.
W: Should we master as many Biblical idioms as possible?
M: Of course. Idioms are an important part of language and are used in everything. Studying them can help improve you comprehension, and by learning enough important idioms, you can develop a high level of (10) c_________ in your communication
(五)短文填空
There are many idioms in the English language and (1) ________ a few of them come from the Bible. Centuries ago, when the Bible was (2) ________ from Hebrew into Greek, many Hebrew and Greek idioms have become part of English. However, many of these idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection to them now. For instance, “by and by” was used to mean (3)“________”, but now it means “before long”.
Originally biblical idioms had straightforward and clear meanings because they were often intended to underline the moral of a story and to give (4) ________ an image to help them understand the story better. A well-known idiom “feet of clay” comes from a dream story in the Bible. Nowadays, it is used to mean that there is a (5) ________ weakness in somebody we admire or respect.
Some idioms from the Bible are connected with animals, which are used to (6) ________ an image. Besides, another focus of biblical idioms is often food or things related to food. For instance, children are often referred to as the “apple of their parents’ eyes”, which means that their parents love them very much and are very proud of them. It comes from an (7) ________ written by King David in the Bible, in which he asked God to remember to take care of him like a child.
In fact, idioms are an important part of language and used in everything from (8) ________ to films and newspaper. We can benefit a lot from learning them. For example, studying them can help improve your (9) ________ and if you learn enough important idioms, you can develop a high level of competence in your communication skills. What’s more, if you have a thorough
understanding of English idioms and their origins, you can better understand and (10) ________
the history and cultures of English-speaking countries because idioms are carriers of history and culture.
参考答案
(一)单项选择::1—5 AACCA    6—10 CBABB
(二)单词拼写:1. expression   2. underlined       3. straightforward     4. frequently
5. interpreter   6. comprehension   7. communication    8. competence
9. vague      10. thorough
(三)词组填空:(A)  1. mend his way     2. by and by        3. for a long time
4. quite a few        5. throw away       6. In other words
(B)  1. is associated with    2. made a point of    3. for instance
4. search for               5. are meant to        6. referred to
(四)对话填空:1.expression   2.separate     3.components    4. misunderstand   5.original
6. connection  7. straightforward  8. underline  9. related     10. competence
(五)短文填空:1. quite     2. translated     3. immediately 4. audiences      5. hidden
6. create     7. passage      8. literature    9. comprehension  10. appreciate