中国重新划分50省份:第一印象还真的很准

一项关于对社区看法的研究表明我们基于社区物理特征的第一直觉还真的很准。Christie Niholson 报道。

Starting in the1980s New York City police took a zero-tolerance approach to cracking down on moderate misdemeanors like litter or graffiti. The move was based on the so-called, "broken windows theory,” that disorderly, unkempt neighborhoods attract crime. The crackdown contributed to a significant crime decrease, although follow-up studies suggest that police presence itself was the key. 

自从1980年代开始纽约警方采取了决不宽恕的方式来打击那些轻微的不正当行为例如乱扔垃圾和涂鸦。这次行动是基于所谓的“破窗理论”，该理论认为不整洁的环境能诱发犯罪。这次行动使得犯罪率大大下降，虽然后续研究表明可能主要原因是警察的执勤率增加了。

Now research reveals that there’s a link between a neighborhood’s appearance and the perceptionof safety. The work is in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 

现在新的研究表明社区的外在整洁度和人们感知的安全感之间却有联系。这项研究已经发表在《品格和社会心理学杂志》上。

Scientists presented photos of 20 neighborhoods to nearly 150 volunteers. After seeing the photos, the subjects were asked to rate the strength of ties between residents and their ability to protect the neighborhood against crime. These ratings were compared with those of actual residents. And the subjects’ impressions strongly matched the perceptions of the actual residents.

科学家门向近150个志愿者出示了20张社区的照片。看完照片后，被试被要求将这些社区按照住户和保护社区发生犯罪的能力的强弱排序。这些排序会和真正住在这些社区的人的感受数据进行比较。结果表明被试仅仅依靠这种第一感觉就和长期住在这里的住户的感觉惊人的一致。1

The researchers also asked about trust, and determined that the better the neighborhood looked, the more the subjects trusted the residents. They concluded that disorder can lead to distrust, which may discourage cooperation between neighbors. 

研究者们也探究了信任感问题，而且得出社区越是整洁好看，人们越容易信任对方。他们也归纳认为脏乱会导致猜疑，从而阻碍邻里之间的合作。2

Interestingly, in neighborhoods with vegetation, the amount of well-kept grass most correlated with a good rating of the social environment. So increasing urban green space may have far-reaching positive effects.

有趣的是，在有植被的社区，尽心呵护的草坪的数量和这里的社会环境评分有很强正相关。所以增加城市中的绿色可能会产生意义深远的正面效果。